Firstly, it's good to understand what ventilation is. Its meaning is related to renewing the air in the environment, airing the space, and generally either removing or supplying air to that area. Thus, two main modes of ventilation can occur in a given location. The first and most common is natural ventilation, and the second is general dilution ventilation. The first occurs in an open environment, where air enters from one location and exits from another without the influence of equipment. On the other hand, general dilution ventilation requires the use of mechanical systems to achieve air exchange in the environment, with the main tools being fans and, in some cases, exhaust fans.

When discussing air exchange in a specific location, a crucial point to analyze is the purity of the air being supplied, making the use of filters necessary. Another important aspect to consider, especially in larger spaces, is the distribution of air outlets, where studying this is essential for greater efficiency of the ventilation device and increased thermal comfort. In construction-oriented matters, ducts are usually designed in the ceiling for general dilution ventilation, adapting to the space being worked on, taking into account the room's geometry, and the number of air outlets, as well as an analysis for the best position of these outlets.

Regarding exhaust systems, while fans are used to intake new air into the environment, exhaust fans have the opposite function. They are necessary to suction the air present in the space and consequently facilitate the exchange of gases in the location.

With all that said, some advantages of using a ventilation and exhaust system include:

• Greater air purity in the location;

• Well-distributed ventilation;

• A cooler and more comfortable environment (which can, consequently, increase employee productivity).

Ventilation and exhaust system projects are part of our service portfolio, among various others. Contact us and request your free diagnosis.

Thermal optimization, closely linked to energy efficiency, aims to reduce consumption, losses, and consequently, the thermal energy costs of your home, business, or machinery, ensuring that everything operates at high efficiency and maintains peak efficiency.

In addition to aiding in thermal comfort and increasing productivity, along with reducing energy expenses, the thermal optimization process ensures better final product quality, higher machinery performance, more sustainable production, and a lower failure rate.

This process follows four basic pillars, each adapted according to our client's reality. The four pillars are:

• Product analysis;

• Calculations and simulations;

• Results analysis;

• Service application.

Bolt Jr. brings personalized solutions, working uniquely to solve your problem effectively, permanently, and at a price below the market. Always validating the client's pain points and needs, our thermal optimization service aims to understand the entire production process, analyze the operational parameters of production through calculations and software, identifying the real problem, and customizing the best solutions based on your needs and goals using these tools. All results are compiled into reports and spreadsheets, facilitating the visualization of the problem and the achieved results, demonstrating how optimization can be achieved. Finally, our consultants assist in implementing the results, making operational condition adjustments or even changing a step, equipment, or maintaining it.

Is your machinery not working properly? Do you think you've been losing money with it or even with the cooling equipment in your home? Contact us and see how Bolt can help you.

Thermal Load Analysis involves analyzing and calculating the fraction of energy that needs to be removed from a specific environment to provide thermal comfort to its users. This energy quantity is determined by the number of people using the space, the devices and machines emitting heat, and the position of the environment in relation to the sun. The specific amount of energy is removed with the help of a refrigeration or air conditioning system, maintaining a pleasant temperature and controlling the air quantity.

The calculation of thermal load is the initial pillar for a project, considering that it influences the sizing of all equipment within the project, such as fans, pipes, ducts, diffusers, among others. Consequently, it is a calculation that can have a significant impact on the initial investment cost, operational cost, and energy expenditure. Additionally, it affects the resulting thermal comfort and productivity of the occupants. Therefore, the calculation of thermal load must accurately detail the location where the project will be executed. The use of various safety factors during the calculation phase can result in unrealistic values, leading to an oversized system and generating unnecessary costs.

Heat gain through the envelope, internal equipment, lighting, people, air renewal, and infiltration are the main factors for the sizing of an air conditioning and refrigeration system. With an effective calculation of the thermal load in a specific environment, the following results can be obtained:

• Efficient project planning, avoiding expenses on unnecessary components.

• Prevention of unnecessary energy expenditure during system use.

• Promotion of a more comfortable working environment for employees, resulting in a positive impact during activities.

• Avoidance of potential health issues for users of the refrigeration system.

Authors: André Rodrigues - Customer Manager

Wellington Monteiro - Project Advisor

With the constant advancements in technology, it becomes increasingly essential to keep up with these progressions, and we always strive to adopt the latest in engineering in our projects. But after all, what is and how does a custom machine and mechanism project work? Simply put, it is the development of a project for machinery as a whole, parts of the machinery, or even its structure. We take your needs/ideas and translate them into 3D software, where we perform modeling.

After some studies on the feasibility and safety of the project, simulations are conducted to ensure the integrity of the entire assembly. The development of custom machinery brings various benefits, such as reducing acquisition costs, significantly increasing production, and committing to the safety of employees.

Another common question about the service is: How do you deliver the project? Typically, the delivery can be done in two ways. In the first method, we provide all the files and reports generated so that the client can find ways to manufacture the machinery. In the second method, we, at Bolt, take care of finding ways to manufacture the machinery for your company as safely and cost-effectively as possible. The delivery method is defined at the time of the contract.

Interested in this service? Contact us and request a quote!

Why buy a product that doesn't please you or isn't according to your specifications when you can have your idea 100% personalized in a short time, with low manufacturing costs and great cost-benefit? We develop your idea using software and perform necessary analyses according to current Brazilian standards, delivering the product ready to be modeled and/or manufactured. With the use of a 3D printer, it is possible to print any three-dimensional object through the manufacturing process that adds materials in successive layers, resulting in a lightweight, highly durable, and resistant product. For a 2D product, the manufacturing process will depend on the object to be produced, the chosen material, and the size of the product. Here are some noteworthy results:

• Products with a high level of detail that would not be achieved with other processes.

• Study of the best material, providing greater durability and resistance.

• Innovative design, a significant market differentiator.

• Quick development and manufacturing.

• But what is the difference between a 2D and 3D object?

A 2D object is two-dimensional, having only two axes, vertical and horizontal, i.e., a flat image. On the other hand, a 3D object is three-dimensional, having an additional axis related to depth, allowing for a more realistic image that depicts visible construction points.

Still have questions? Contact us and request a quote now!

Author: Samuel Monteiro Cruz - Project Adviso

Structural analysis is the phase of the project where the behavior of the structure is idealized. This behavior can be defined by various parameters, such as stresses, deformations, and displacements acting on the structure.

In general, the purpose of structural analysis is to determine internal and external forces, which we define as loads and support reactions, and the corresponding stresses, displacements, and structure being designed. This analysis should be performed for the possible loading stages that a project would experience in a real-world situation, all aided by a computer that simulates possible scenarios. But the question is: how can we do this?

To explain further, modern structural analysis works with four stages of conception for the structure being analyzed: real structure, structural model, discrete model, and computational model. In essence, we have a real structure that we want to validate for its safety. With the help of a computer, we collect all possible information about it and convert it into a model that allows for calculations, simulating possible scenarios with great precision. This way, we can analyze how to optimize the structure to make it as economical and reliable as possible.

Are you starting a construction project and need a reliable and efficient design for your structure? Schedule a visit with Bolt Jr. and learn more from our consultants to solve your problem.

Author: Rafael Rodrigues Lopes - Project Consultant

With the constant advancement of technology, steel is becoming one of the main materials used in construction and projects. Two factors that significantly influence this scenario are cost reduction compared to the use of reinforced concrete and a greater variety of available labor, making the metal structure more accessible to builders. In addition, there are other advantages such as a reduction in the weight of the structure, a shorter execution period, reduced maintenance costs, and the entire process being carried out by the ABNT NBR 8800 standard. However, it is not enough to simply acquire raw materials and hire qualified labor without a good structural design, considering that the quality of the project revolves around the geometric and architectural forms of the construction.

With this in mind, we execute the structural project to ensure that your structure has total safety and quality with three main stages of development. The initial phase is called the definition of characteristics, where calculations are made and the choice of structural elements, bracing, and dimensions of the pieces are determined. In the next phase, the information gathering phase, the detailing of the entire previous phase takes place, taking into account a clinical look at the drawing of all parts and pieces, elevations, and sections to be used, and also how the connections of the structure will be made. Finally, the project execution phase consists of the manufacturing and assembly part, with the detailing and individual drawings of each element and component that will be included in the structure.

Are you starting a construction and need a structural project? Schedule a visit with Bolt Jr. and learn more about this and other services with our consultants.

Author: Lucas de Freitas - Project Advisor

Is your company experiencing sudden breakdowns of machinery and equipment? Are you facing production delays and excessive spending on corrective maintenance? Bolt Jr. Solutions in Mechanical Engineering can help you solve these problems and increase your profits and productivity.

It is of utmost importance that a company's machine maintenance plan is up to date. The lack or non-compliance of one can lead to machinery failures and production stops, resulting in a series of complications, including unplanned expenses. In this consultancy, we prioritize not only the economic and productive aspects of the client but also the health and safety of their employees. How do we perform this service? We conduct a comprehensive study of the machine, gathering data on manufacturing, usage, and also documenting all its components. Based on this, a personalized and specific maintenance plan is devised for your machinery, including dates for periodic maintenance, types of ideal lubricants, and information for proper use and conservation.

After the implementation and effective use of our maintenance plan, we guarantee a reduction in sudden component failures and production delays, resulting in increased lifespan, safety, profitability, productivity, and consequently customer satisfaction. Don't waste time and come for your free diagnosis with us!

Author: Artur Frade - Project Advisor

Having good optimization of processes within the company is crucial for both customer and employee satisfaction. The optimization process brings many benefits to the company, aiming to accelerate productivity, and enabling more services to be performed. Additionally, it prevents the waste of parts, time, and money, increasing the quality of the final product. As a result, customer satisfaction with the company will increase, bringing more credibility.

As mentioned earlier, everything involving "improving" something within the company is related to the optimization process. However, inventory and process management are techniques that aim at the overall growth of the company, not just production. Therefore, we work on optimizing these processes from order receipt to the final destination, whether in the production or non-production part.

To perform this service, we work with the development of flowcharts and process mapping, which are two key processes in this optimization. Mapping processes give us a broader view of how the company's procedure is currently, allowing us to see the main points that are going wrong in the company today. After identifying which points can be improved or developed, we seek to solve these problems.

If the problem with your company is occurring during production, such as waste during manufacturing or delays in your parts, we aim to identify why these failures are happening. Therefore, we investigate whether the machinery is misaligned and needs maintenance or if the employee operating it needs training on how to use the equipment. Correct use of machinery brings great advantages to the company's production and employees. Knowing how to use the equipment avoids accidents in the workplace and provides greater safety for employees. It also prevents waste during the production of a particular part or product.

If the customer's pain is related to management, in terms of inventory or even in the final product delivery, we work to find software and/or other ways to control this inventory and speed up the delivery process. Maintaining inventory management is fundamental for any company, whether large or small. From inventory control, it is known exactly which items are in excess and which are in short supply, so that more orders can be placed with the supplier. Knowing the volume and quantity of each item in stock prevents the company from making unnecessary purchases if there is a large quantity in stock. It also prevents delays in deliveries because, with control, the company can predict when a particular item will run out and arrange for its merchandise in advance.

Author: Gustavo Oliveira - Project Director

Ah, Women's Day. March eighth. The day of 'Congratulations to all women, who enchant us and grace us with their wisdom,' a day to thank 'for being part of our team,' and various other famous messages and clichés. But is that wrong? Of course not; thanking, today, is just an expression of affection and gratitude. And that's okay. But what about the other days of the year? How do you deal with women in your work environment?

This question raises other issues. In a conversation with a woman, an engineer, working for a multinational company, I was able to highlight some very important aspects of the female presence in the industry. As we grow up, we are not completely observed (perhaps only sexualized), we are part of an imaginary background that fills a space. However, when we make a difference, when we stand out in our roles, we begin to disturb. Is this a generalized thought? Yes, but it applies to many realities.

The great women of this generation and previous generations, who fought and are fighting for the right to vote, work, wear whatever clothes we want, and, above all, to occupy the space we want, had what in mind? Simply to disturb? Needless to say, but I'll say it anyway: NO.

Women entered and prevailed in the market for various reasons: necessity, liking, talent... The need to be independent or simply to support oneself and one's own, the liking for a particular area of activity, and the talent to develop such a function.

So, having to hear that we enchant or grace any environment with our wisdom is not necessarily charming. Use this day and the rest of the year to value and respect the countless women you live with.

To all the women reading this text, let's continue strong, warriors, and, as Iza would say, 'rough but with affection,' and masters of our path. To the men reading this, support and respect all women and do not diminish the struggle and history of each one of them.

Happy Monday, March 8, 2021.

Author: Brenda Monize Ribeiro - Marketing Consultant

Have you been experiencing frequent machinery breakdowns? Incurring excessive costs with corrective maintenance? Losing profit every time your production is delayed due to failures and issues in machines and equipment? If your answer was yes to any of these questions, pay attention because Bolt Jr. is here to introduce you to preventive maintenance and the benefits you will gain by implementing it in your company!

In every company, there are various machines and equipment with numerous mechanical components that are susceptible to wear and potential failures, causing significant problems in the production line, such as unplanned downtime, for example, which affects established deadlines and compromises the final product's quality.

Therefore, every company should have a Maintenance Planning and Control (MPC). Thus, a proactive preventive maintenance policy should be adopted, involving various tasks aimed at improving safety, reducing operational costs, and increasing the reliability, quality, and productivity of your company.

The implementation and effectiveness of this type of maintenance require discipline from all employees involved in the production process because it is based on the record of failures and downtime that have already occurred in production. Thus, a list of all machines and equipment must be maintained, containing their characteristics, maintenance history, and other relevant information.

As a result, you can achieve the following outcomes:

- Elimination of production delays;

- Increased life span and safety of machines and equipment;

- Cost reduction.

In the end, profit is maximized due to the reduction in operational costs, along with the creation of a preventive culture throughout the corporate environment.

Now is the perfect time to adopt preventive maintenance in your company, reduce expenses, and increase your profit. Interested? Schedule a visit with Bolt Jr. and understand how our services can provide you with some of these solutions.

Authors: Artur Frade (Project Advisor) and Wellington Monteiro (Project Advisor).

The current economic situation experienced by the country directly reflects on the performance of Brazilian industries. Therefore, the search for alternatives to increase productivity without losing quality and, at the same time, reduce operational costs is significant.

WHAT IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY?

Energy efficiency is the rational use of the energy sources that a company needs. Knowledge about energy efficiency starts with determining the amount of energy required for an activity and the amount available for its completion.

Undoubtedly, energy efficiency is a level to be achieved by all companies, whether small, medium, or large. High levels of energy efficiency reflect high values of cost reduction and savings.

HOW, IN YOUR BUSINESS OR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, CAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY CONCEPTS BE PUT INTO PRACTICE?

First, it is necessary to understand that implementing a plan to achieve energy efficiency is a low-cost investment action with significant financial returns.

To achieve energy efficiency, a study is carried out on the environments, machinery, and everything that requires energy. This study analyzes the area of the work/social environment, the power of the machines, and the availability of energy at each point in the space where improved energy efficiency is desired.

The collected data is analyzed, and a "map" of energy usage in the plant and a list of possible measures, each with its cost and expected energy consumption value, are listed.

Finally, calculations must be performed for maximum energy efficiency to be achieved, and the equipment operates within the specified and desired energy margins.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR MY COMPANY?

There are several benefits that your company or social environment will gain with good energy efficiency.

The main and most desired benefit is capital savings due to energy efficiency. Energy bill amounts experience considerable decreases, and this savings can be redirected to another investment option.

In addition, energy efficiency is directly related to sustainable consumption, which is often a topic of major global debates and viewed favorably by many customers and consumers. The importance of managing and caring for our energy resources, which are unfortunately finite, is known. Thus, energy efficiency reduces excessive expenses with our natural resources that are a source of energy.

Do you think you can reduce your costs through energy efficiency? If this topic is still a question mark for your management, know that we can help! Contact our team through our social media and schedule your 100% free online diagnosis.

The quality of service is a crucial factor when it comes to customers, who are undoubtedly the main contributors to the survival of any business, regardless of its size.

Customer loyalty brings numerous benefits to any business. Building a network of loyal customers ensures positive revenue for the company, along with the universally recognized marketing method: word-of-mouth marketing, where satisfied customers promote your brand or service. However, achieving a high-quality service flow is challenging and requires time and internal organization.

You may face challenges from competitors offering similar products or services. What sets you apart from these "rivals"? You might be thinking of answers such as "lower cost" and "fast delivery," for example. However, a differentiator for your company lies in the experience you provide to your customers throughout their purchase. In today's times, quality service takes precedence over pricing problems due to competition.

Here are some points to achieve excellence in customer service:

1. Enjoy, respect, and take pleasure in serving a customer:

   A service process will only have effective quality if the person responsible for customer service in your company truly enjoys what they are doing. Customers often arrive irritated or upset with a problem they are facing, and encountering more issues where they seek solutions is not beneficial for the company's image.

2. Understand your customer's problems:

   Just as you cannot solve a mathematical equation without knowing the values of each variable, the same goes for customer service. From the moment a customer arrives at your company, it is essential to understand what they are looking for. At each stage of the customer's journey, all employees assigned to assist that customer must be aware of the motivations that led the customer to contact the company and, most importantly, be prepared to deliver solutions. Put yourself in the customer's shoes: Why should they choose your company when a particular problem arises?

3. Don't address your customer's request with tunnel vision:

   Often, customers present only one observation for the correction of a fault and may not notice all the other errors in a system or product. Your company should shield the customer from encountering more problems. A tip for this point is loyalty: If the problem is small and the customer hasn't noticed it either, offer a free revision, leaving them highly satisfied with the service.

Why is PMOC necessary, and when should it be used?

Air conditioning units are increasingly being used in the daily lives of families and businesses. Due to their widespread use, it became necessary to create a maintenance plan for these units in collectively used buildings to ensure proper functioning and prevent harm to the environment and the health of people affected by the equipment.

This maintenance plan is known as PMOC, established in August 1998, aiming to guarantee good air quality and preserve the health of individuals affected by the cooling system. It has specific regulations that will be explained later.

Law No. 13,589

On January 4, 2018, Law No. 13,589 was enacted, stating: "All public and collective use buildings that have artificially conditioned environments must have a Maintenance, Operation, and Control Plan - PMOC for their respective air conditioning systems, aiming to eliminate or minimize potential health risks for occupants."

In general, PMOC is essentially a set of documents that regulate the maintenance of devices related to the cooling system, primarily air conditioning. According to this law, companies must adhere to a strict maintenance plan conducted by a professional in the field. The usual maintenance intervals are semi-annual, bimonthly, and monthly, with the choice depending on the buyer's ultimate goal.

In case of non-compliance with regulations, the Ministry of Health has determined that starting from June 4, 2018, companies failing to comply with these norms will face penalties, including fines ranging from 2,000 to 1.5 million Brazilian reais.

"Engineering is for men" or "It's not a very feminine course" – if you are a woman in an engineering course, you have certainly heard one of these phrases. Gender inequality still permeates the social sphere, and it is a reality that needs to be discussed.

It is convenient to remember that, for many years, access to science was censored for women. Therefore, a significant portion of scientific thinking was attributed to males. Among numerous reasons, this is one of the factors leading to the higher number of women in areas related to care, with the naturalization of women's roles as "responsible for the home." Meanwhile, professions requiring more physical effort and mathematical sense are dominated by men. Although women represent 60% of those who complete tertiary education in Brazil, according to the Higher Education Census, this participation drops to 41% in exact science courses.

Women are still seen as the "weaker sex," and, in addition to the challenges present in all professions, they must deal with daily prejudices that hinder female representation, especially in fields like engineering, where it is estimated that only 13% of professionals in Brazil are female. Consequently, domination becomes a reality, and opportunities are not the same for both genders.

In the link below, you will find a survey conducted with various women from different universities, either currently studying or already graduated, regarding Female Representation in Engineering:

[Link to the survey](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19j5vmXb6fvkK1sRgpjnu52mNPK7zdB0q?usp=sharing)

From the attached graphs, it can be inferred, as mentioned above, regarding male dominance in engineering. In addition to multiple-choice questions, open-ended questions were asked about how they feel as minorities in their respective courses. Some responses are attached.

Have you ever experienced an embarrassing or uncomfortable moment because you are a woman?

- RESP: In the internship, they said I wouldn't have enough strength to perform a certain activity.

- RESP: Yes, I intern at a multinational civil construction materials company, and I am the only woman in my department. I was judged for being a woman and being young from the first day; I had to earn people's trust, show my skills, not be discouraged by comments, and move forward.

- RESP: Yes. They have made comments like: "You must have done something with the professor to get that."

- RESP: Yes, in a class where I was the only woman, the professor was more concerned about my attention in class and whether I had understood the explanation than with my other male classmates in the room.

- RESP: Once a professor said, "the computer room is like a pirate ship, only has guys and cannons." / Another time, I was sad because I did poorly on a test, and a classmate said, "ah, don't be sad. If it's hard for a man, imagine for you." In the end, I passed that subject and he didn't. At the end of the semester, he had the audacity to tell me, "it's easy for a woman to pass. Just go to the professor's office, if you know what I mean" (look how they contradict themselves and strive to belittle you!) / As a freshman, I had practical classes, and in my group, I was the only woman. I was always assigned to work only on the report; they did the practical work on their own. One day I asked someone else to write the report because I wanted to do the practical work. They agreed. But throughout the practice, there was always a "let me help you with this" (I hadn't asked for help) or "let me do it," gradually taking everything from my hands, and when I realized, I was writing the report again. In another practice, we had to assemble a basic circuit, and my classmates were struggling to put two components in parallel. I tried to show how it was done, and they simply discarded everything I said and said, "let's call the professor." When he arrived, he said to put it the SAME way I had just put it. There's no reason for my voice as a member of these groups to be so easily dismissed. I've never seen a male classmate invalidated like that. This is sexism. But dare I speak that it's sexism. They get angry, and some have even lectured me on what sexism is, look at that!

How do you feel being in engineering?

- RESP: In an area that, besides being complicated in itself, becomes worse due to the difficulty imposed on us women to show that we are capable.

- RESP: It is gratifying for having managed to get here, but at the same time challenging, since every day we face a different battle to show our ability.

- RESP: Normal because I'm just another person in the room and, at the same time, the outlier for being in a room with an absolute male majority.

- RESP: I feel like breaking paradigms and barriers, conquering the world, and showing my talent.

- RESP: Strong. I feel a bit revolutionary.

- RESP: Fulfilled and empowered.

- RESP: I feel like a pillar of representation. Many times, it's just me and another woman in the room. And I make an effort to stand out to try to dispel the stigma of a dumb woman who is not cut out for engineering.

- RESP: Empowering myself to change our reality.

Note: No response has been altered in any way to maintain the real thoughts/feelings of the respondents.

The aforementioned research highlights prejudices at work, in college, and even within families in the daily lives of women in engineering. Within this scenario, it only confirms how gender inequality is a flawed issue in Brazil. However, it needs to be reflected upon, not only in college but from childhood in a broader scenario. It is the role of society to implement social mechanisms regarding gender inequality, be it politically or even legislatively.

On the other hand, the research also shows that despite all the difficulties, women continue to fight to change this reality and debunk the idea that "Engineering is for men," proving that they are capable of making a difference. In summary, it reaffirms the importance of social and political struggles for women's rights, aiming to break down barriers created by a patriarchal society and eliminate prejudices against women. 

By Jamili Keli da Silva, People Management Manager at Bolt Jr.

"When you hear the word 'stamp,' what comes to your mind?

Faced with this question, the most common answer would likely be something related to patterns on shirts, jackets, and fabrics in general. Although this is the more usual concept, in the world of engineering, the process of stamping a part, called stamping, involves much more than imprinting figures on the material, and it represents an extremely relevant process in the field.

What is stamping?

Stamping is one of several steps in the part manufacturing process. More specifically, it is a mechanical forming process aimed at determining the final shape of a material. To achieve this goal, the material, which is usually cold-treated (i.e., at a temperature below its recrystallization range), can be cut, bent, or deepened. The process involves the use of mechanical or hydraulic presses in conjunction with dies, molds, and cutting punches to give the final shape requested to the part.

The importance of stamping involves turning the ideal into real. Various structural engineering projects require various parts, from a simple cut sheet to an element with multiple details and reliefs that go through the stamping process. The existence of stamping in the industrial world transforms the designed into tactile and useful. Moreover, with the existence of the creation mold, which is a mold with the desired shape, this procedure is carried out for large-scale productions, such as in the automotive sector.

Where can I find products that have undergone stamping?

Although the terms "industry" and "part" may refer more to the field of mechanical engineering, stamped products are used in various areas of engineering or even in everyday life. For example, some kitchen utensils such as pots and pans undergo a deep stamping process, or hinges and slides that undergo cutting and bending. As mentioned earlier, the automotive sector extensively uses the stamping process, producing parts such as hoods, fenders, and doors in this way.

Thus, it can be seen that manufacturing processes have direct impacts on society. In particular, stamping represents an important step in the construction and operation of machines that facilitate our daily activities. With advances in manufacturing technology, the trend is for created parts to be increasingly well-finished, in less time, and containing as few defects as possible."